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Abstract
We studied immunohistochemically the expression of β-amyloid precursor protein (APP)
in the frontal lobes of 18 Down syndrome (DS) patients (20 gestation weeks (GW) to
50 years) and 15 controls (17 GW to 50 years) using six purified antibodies against
the secretory forms (N-terminal, N-Amy and Amy540), the Kunitz-type protease inhibitor
(KPI) domain, residues 1–28 of β protein (Affi28), and the car☐yl-terminal fragment
(Ac) of APP. In the cortex of fetuses, neonates and infants, immunoreactivity for
N-Amy and Ac was observed in both neurons and glial cells, and that for Affi28 in
glial cells in the subpial layer in both DS patients and controls suggesting the functioning
role of APP as a growth factor. This immunoreactivity disappeared in childhood and
reappeared in adulthood in only DS patients. The earlier reappearance of those in
DS patients from a young adult age than in normal controls may result from a gene
dosage effect, since APP is encoded on chromosome 21. The N-Amy, Amy540, Affi28 and
Ac immunoreactivity in glial cells in the developing white matter in the both DS patients
and controls may be associated with myelination glia. Immunoreactivity for KPI was
noted on the tunica media of the arteries from the neonatal period to adulthood in
only DS patients. In senile plaques in DS patients, N-terminal and Affi28 immunoreactivity
became detectable at the age of 32 years. N-terminal immunoreactivity in the senile
plaques was noted along the periphery of the senile plaques, while that for Affi28
was around the amyloid core. Thus, each fragment of APP exhibited a different localization
and time course of immunohistochemical expression. The results indicated that APP
plays a role in neuronal development and that its earlier reappearance in adult DS
patients is associated with the regeneration process related to aging.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Accepted:
November 1,
1996
Received:
May 14,
1996
Identification
Copyright
© 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Published by Elsevier Inc.
