Abstract
Using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to study the Stroop effect
on both behavioral and brain activation of ADHD children off or on methylphenidate
(MPH). Nine ADHD boys (aged 9.8–14.5 years) and 9 age-matched normal controls were
included. A Stroop-like paradigm was used. AFNI (Analysis of Functional NeuroImaging)
and its Deconvolution Analysis were used in a descriptive comparison between ADHD
and control groups. (1) Both behavioral reaction time and brain activation showed
Stroop effect in controls but neither was found in ADHD children off MPH. When MPH
was administered, the Stroop effect tended to appear. (2) The activation volume (AV)
of prefrontal cortex (PFC) in both the neutral (NC) and interference conditions (IC)
in ADHD children off MPH was smaller than in controls. AV of anterior cingulate cortex
in the IC in ADHD children off MPH was smaller than that in controls, but was similar
in the NC to that in controls. AV of the basal ganglia, insula and cerebellum was
also smaller in the IC, but was larger in the NC for ADHD children off MPH compared
with controls. These findings are consistent with prior findings of hypofrontality
in ADHD children and implicate a compensatory network including basal ganglia, insula
and cerebellum for relative lower cognitive load tasks.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Accepted:
November 10,
2004
Received in revised form:
November 8,
2004
Received:
August 17,
2004
Identification
Copyright
© 2005 Elsevier B.V. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
